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Carbomer is mainly used as a suspending agent or viscosity increasing agent in liquid or semi-solid pharmaceutical dosage forms. Dosage forms include cream, gel, ophthalmic ointment, rectal and topical preparations.
Even if there are only low-residue benzene carbomer types such as carbomer 934P, the European Pharmacopoeia 2002 edition is no longer included.
However, solvents other than the "Class 1 OVI solvents" specified by ICH with low residues can be used in Europe.
Carbomers containing only low residual ethyl acetate, such as Carbomer 971P or 974P, can be used in oral formulations, suspensions, tablets, or extended-release tablets. Carbomer is used in tablets as a dry or wet binder and as a release rate controlling excipient.
In the wet granulation process, water or ethanol-water mixtures can be used as wetting agents. Anhydrous organic solvents to which polymeric binders are added can also be used.
The viscosity of the wet material decreases with the addition of certain cationic materials to the granulation liquid. In the presence of water, adding talc to the formulation can also reduce stickiness.
Carbomer resins have been studied for the preparation of sustained-release matrix beads, as enzyme inhibitors for intestinal proteases in formulations containing polypeptides, as adhesives for cervical patches and as microspheres for nasal administration, and the magnetic granules that localize the drug delivery to the esophagus.
Carbomer is also used as an emulsifier in O/W type emulsions for external use. For this purpose, the carbomer is partially neutralized with sodium hydroxide and partially with long-chain fatty amines and stearylamines.
Carbomer 951 was also used as a tackifier in the preparation of double emulsion microspheres. Carbomer is also commonly used in cosmetics.
Carbomer is a stable and hygroscopic substance, and its thickening property is not affected by heating at 104°C for 2 hours. However, exposure to excessively high temperatures can reduce discoloration and stability. Heating at 260°C for 30 minutes completely decomposes. Dry powdered carbomer does not grow mold. In contrast, microorganisms grow well in preservative-free aqueous dispersions. Therefore, preservatives should be added, such as 0.1% (w/v) chlorocresol, 0.18% (w/v) methylparaben, 0.02% (w/v) propylparaben, or 0.1% (w/v) paraben /V) of thimerosal. The addition of certain bacteriostatic agents, such as benzalkonium chloride or sodium benzoate, at high concentrations (0.1% w/v) can cause turbidity and a reduction in the viscosity of carbomer dispersions. The hydrogel can be sterilized by autoclaving. If the oxygen mixed in is removed, the pH and viscosity will only change slightly; it can also be sterilized by gamma rays, but this technique can increase the viscosity of the formulation. Extends the shelf life of carbomer with unchanged viscosity. If an antioxidant is added to the formulation, or the dispersion is stored in the dark, the viscosity of the dispersion will remain unchanged or slightly decrease under the condition of increasing temperature. Light can cause oxidation, which is reflected in a reduction in dispersion viscosity. Adding 0.05%~0.1% (W/V) of water-soluble UV absorbers such as benzophenone-2 or benzophenone-4 and 0.05%~0.1% (W/V) EDTA mixture can make the above Changes improve. Triethanolamine as a neutralizer can also improve the stability of carbomer to UV light. Carbomer powder should be stored in a cool, dry environment in a closed anti-corrosion container. Pharmaceutical preparations containing carbomer should preferably be contained in glass, plastic, or resin-lined containers. When packaged in aluminum tubes, the pH of the formulation is required to be less than 6.5, and when packaged in other metal tubes or containers, the pH is required to be higher than 7.7 to improve the stability of carbomer.
Carbomer is mainly used as a suspending agent or viscosity increasing agent in liquid or semi-solid pharmaceutical dosage forms. Dosage forms include cream, gel, ophthalmic ointment, rectal and topical preparations.
Even if there are only low-residue benzene carbomer types such as carbomer 934P, the European Pharmacopoeia 2002 edition is no longer included.
However, solvents other than the "Class 1 OVI solvents" specified by ICH with low residues can be used in Europe.
Carbomers containing only low residual ethyl acetate, such as Carbomer 971P or 974P, can be used in oral formulations, suspensions, tablets, or extended-release tablets. Carbomer is used in tablets as a dry or wet binder and as a release rate controlling excipient.
In the wet granulation process, water or ethanol-water mixtures can be used as wetting agents. Anhydrous organic solvents to which polymeric binders are added can also be used.
The viscosity of the wet material decreases with the addition of certain cationic materials to the granulation liquid. In the presence of water, adding talc to the formulation can also reduce stickiness.
Carbomer resins have been studied for the preparation of sustained-release matrix beads, as enzyme inhibitors for intestinal proteases in formulations containing polypeptides, as adhesives for cervical patches and as microspheres for nasal administration, and the magnetic granules that localize the drug delivery to the esophagus.
Carbomer is also used as an emulsifier in O/W type emulsions for external use. For this purpose, the carbomer is partially neutralized with sodium hydroxide and partially with long-chain fatty amines and stearylamines.
Carbomer 951 was also used as a tackifier in the preparation of double emulsion microspheres. Carbomer is also commonly used in cosmetics.
Carbomer is a stable and hygroscopic substance, and its thickening property is not affected by heating at 104°C for 2 hours. However, exposure to excessively high temperatures can reduce discoloration and stability. Heating at 260°C for 30 minutes completely decomposes. Dry powdered carbomer does not grow mold. In contrast, microorganisms grow well in preservative-free aqueous dispersions. Therefore, preservatives should be added, such as 0.1% (w/v) chlorocresol, 0.18% (w/v) methylparaben, 0.02% (w/v) propylparaben, or 0.1% (w/v) paraben /V) of thimerosal. The addition of certain bacteriostatic agents, such as benzalkonium chloride or sodium benzoate, at high concentrations (0.1% w/v) can cause turbidity and a reduction in the viscosity of carbomer dispersions. The hydrogel can be sterilized by autoclaving. If the oxygen mixed in is removed, the pH and viscosity will only change slightly; it can also be sterilized by gamma rays, but this technique can increase the viscosity of the formulation. Extends the shelf life of carbomer with unchanged viscosity. If an antioxidant is added to the formulation, or the dispersion is stored in the dark, the viscosity of the dispersion will remain unchanged or slightly decrease under the condition of increasing temperature. Light can cause oxidation, which is reflected in a reduction in dispersion viscosity. Adding 0.05%~0.1% (W/V) of water-soluble UV absorbers such as benzophenone-2 or benzophenone-4 and 0.05%~0.1% (W/V) EDTA mixture can make the above Changes improve. Triethanolamine as a neutralizer can also improve the stability of carbomer to UV light. Carbomer powder should be stored in a cool, dry environment in a closed anti-corrosion container. Pharmaceutical preparations containing carbomer should preferably be contained in glass, plastic, or resin-lined containers. When packaged in aluminum tubes, the pH of the formulation is required to be less than 6.5, and when packaged in other metal tubes or containers, the pH is required to be higher than 7.7 to improve the stability of carbomer.
